Intradermal TAB immunization against enteric infections

Intradermal versus Subcutaneous Immunization of Monkeys against Poliomyelitis

1. The introduction of considerable amounts of living, active poliomyelitis virus into the skin and subcutaneous tissue of monkeys protects the animals against intracerebral inoculations of similar virus material. 2. The degree of protection conferred by intradermal is greater than by subcutaneous injection. 3. During intradermal and subcutaneous inoculations, no local or general pathological s...

Hen egg yolk antibodies (IgY), production and use for passive immunization against bacterial enteric infections in chicken: a review

Poultry meat is an important food product and the broiler chicken-related industry is an economically important component of the agro-industry in the European Union (EU). The industry however is under pressure and faces many challenges. Most importantly, there is a demand for meat of high nutritional value and free of microbiological and chemical hazards. Unfortunately poultry meat is one of th...

Delivery strategies to enhance oral vaccination against enteric infections.

While the majority of human pathogens infect the body through mucosal sites, most licensed vaccines are injectable. In fact the only mucosal vaccine that has been widely used globally for infant and childhood vaccination programs is the oral polio vaccine (OPV) developed by Albert Sabin in the 1950s. While oral vaccines against Cholera, rotavirus and Salmonella typhi have also been licensed, th...

Vaccines against enteric infections for the developing world.

Since the first licensure of the Sabin oral polio vaccine more than 50 years ago, only eight enteric vaccines have been licensed for four disease indications, and all are given orally. While mucosal vaccines offer programmatically attractive tools for facilitating vaccine deployment, their development remains hampered by several factors: -limited knowledge regarding the properties of the gut im...

Stimulating Role of Toxoids-Laden Liposomes in Oral Immunization against Diphteria and Tetanus Infections